Indikator Antropometri Dini sebagai Penanda Risiko Stunting dengan Anemia pada Balita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54259/sehatrakyat.v5i1.7008Keywords:
Stunting, Anemia, Birth Length, Birth Weight, Mid-Upper Arm Circumference, Head CircumferenceAbstract
Stunting and anemia are two chronic nutritional problems that frequently occur concurrently among young children and have long-term impacts on the quality of human resources. Anthropometric factors at birth and nutritional status during early childhood are believed to play an important role in the development of these conditions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between birth length (BL), birth weight (BW), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and head circumference (HC) with the occurrence of stunting accompanied by anemia among children under five years of age. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study subjects were children aged 6–59 months who experienced stunting and anemia. Data on BL and BW were obtained from the Maternal and Child Health handbook, while MUAC and HC were measured directly. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test. A significant correlation was found between BL and MUAC (p<0,05) with a positive strength of association (r = 0.634). BL and MUAC showed a strong and significant correlation. These findings reinforce the concept that stunting and anemia are chronic nutritional problems that originate early in life and persist into early childhood. This study concludes that BL as an anthropometric indicator is a risk marker for the occurrence of stunting accompanied by anemia among children under five, as reflected by its positive correlation with MUAC. This finding indicates that growth impairment and poor nutritional status in children with stunting and anemia begin during the prenatal period and continue into early childhood.
Downloads
References
Becker P, et al. Mid-upper arm circumference for nutrition screening. Nutrients. 2024;16(2):210. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.11208
Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):427–451. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60937-X/abstract
Christian P, Lee SE, Donahue Angel M, et al. Risk of childhood undernutrition related to small size at birth. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(5):134–145. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt109
Christian P, Mullany LC, Hurley KM, et al. Nutrition and maternal, neonatal, and child health. Semin Perinatol. 2015;39(5):361–372. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2015.06.009
Dewey KG, Begum K. Long-term consequences of stunting in early life. Matern Child Nutr. 2011;7(Suppl 3):5–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x
Gibson RS. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/principles-of-nutritional-assessment-9780195171693?cc=id&lang=en&
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Litbangkes; 2018. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/
Kurniasari L, Martha IK, Sri AN, Farid A. Determinants for Low Birth Weight in Mothers Giving Birth during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Amerta Nutrition. 2024;8(1):27-36. https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/AMNT/article/download/57449/29713/328916
Mustakim MRD, Irwanto, Roedi I, Mira I, Bagus S. Impact of Stunting on Development of Children between 1-3 Years of Age. Ethiop J Health. 2022;32(3):69-578. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v32i3.13
Oddo VM, Surkan PJ, Hurley KM, et al. Pathways of the association between maternal nutrition and child growth. Maternal Child Nutr. 2017;14(1):12455. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fmcn.12455
Pasricha SR, Drakesmith H, Black J, et al. Control of iron deficiency anemia in low- and middle-income countries. Blood. 2013;121(14):2607–2617. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-09-453522
Prado EL, Dewey KG. Nutrition and brain development in early life. Nutr Rev. 2014;72(4):267–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12102
Setia MS. Methodology series module 3: cross-sectional studies. Indian J Dermatol. 2016;61(3):261–264. https://journals.lww.com/ijd/fulltext/2016/61030/methodology_series_module_3__cross_sectional.3.aspx
Tang AM, Chung M, Dong K, et al. Determining a global mid-upper arm circumference cut-off to assess malnutrition in children. Public Health Nutrition. 2020;23(17): 3104–3113. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020000397
UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. The World Bank: Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates (JME) Levels and Trends 2025 edition. New York: UNICEF; 2025. https://data.unicef.org/resources/jme/
UNICEF. Improving child nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress. New York: UNICEF; 2023. https://data.unicef.org/resources/improving-child-nutrition-the-achievable-imperative-for-global-progress/
Victora CG, et al. Maternal and child health consequences of undernutrition. Lancet. 2008;371:340–357. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(07)61692-4/fulltext
WHO. Guideline on haemoglobin cut-offs to define anaemia. Geneva: WHO; 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK602198/
WHO. Guideline: assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities. Geneva: WHO; 2017. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550123
World Health Organization. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Geneva: WHO; 2011. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-NMH-NHD-MNM-11.1
World Health Organization. WHO child growth standards. Geneva: WHO; 2026. https://www.who.int/tools/child-growth-standards/standards
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Arisanty Nur Setia Restuti, Adhiningsih Yulianti, Putri Rahayu Ratri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
Penulis mengakui bahwa SEHATRAKYAT (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat) sebagai publisher yang mempublikasikan pertama kali dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Penulis dapat memasukan tulisan secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-ekskulif dari naskah yang telah terbit di jurnal ini kedalam versi yang lain, seperti: dikirim ke respository institusi penulis, publikasi kedalam buku, dan lain-lain. Dengan mengakui bahwa naskah telah terbit pertama kali pada SEHATRAKYAT (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat).
